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WRB 2006 Taxonomy Classes

Short description

NumberGroupShortened_nameWRB_groupcountweb_textlegend
1Haplic AcrisolsHaplic.AcrisolsAcrisols2637Haplic (undetermined) Acrisols1,254,129,62,255,Haplic Acrisols
2Haplic Acrisols (Alumic)Haplic.Acrisols..Alumic.Acrisols159Haplic (undetermined) Acrisols (Alumic)2,253,159,57,255,Haplic Acrisols (Alumic)
3Haplic Acrisols (Ferric)Haplic.Acrisols..Ferric.Acrisols316Haplic (undetermined) Acrisols (Ferric)3,253,174,107,255,Haplic Acrisols (Ferric)
4Haplic Acrisols (Humic)Haplic.Acrisols..Humic.Acrisols169Haplic (undetermined) Acrisols (Humic)4,253,141,60,255,Haplic Acrisols (Humic)
5Plinthic AcrisolsPlinthic.AcrisolsAcrisols156Plinthic Acrisols5,236,104,1,255,Plinthic Acrisols
6Vetic AcrisolsVetic.AcrisolsAcrisols16Vetic Acrisols6,230,106,3,255,Vetic Acrisols
7Haplic AlbeluvisolsHaplic.AlbeluvisolsAlbeluvisols322Haplic (undetermined) Albeluvisols7,240,200,92,255,Haplic Albeluvisols
8Histic AlbeluvisolsHistic.AlbeluvisolsAlbeluvisols13Histic Albeluvisols8,255,211,114,255,Histic Albeluvisols
9Umbric AlbeluvisolsUmbric.AlbeluvisolsAlbeluvisols97Umbric Albeluvisols9,255,209,112,255,Umbric Albeluvisols
10Cutanic AlisolsCutanic.AlisolsAlisols34Cutanic Alisols10,228,219,191,255,Cutanic Alisols
11Haplic AlisolsHaplic.AlisolsAlisols836Haplic (undetermined) Alisols11,245,235,204,255,Haplic Alisols
12Aluandic AndosolsAluandic.AndosolsAndosols346Aluandic Andosols12,252,107,93,255,Aluandic Andosols
13Haplic AndosolsHaplic.AndosolsAndosols69Haplic (undetermined) Andosols13,245,231,202,255,Haplic Andosols
14Vitric AndosolsVitric.AndosolsAndosols172Vitric Andosols14,252,85,70,255,Vitric Andosols
15Albic ArenosolsAlbic.ArenosolsArenosols56Albic Arenosols15,255,232,190,255,Albic Arenosols
16Ferralic ArenosolsFerralic.ArenosolsArenosols924Ferralic Arenosols16,254,231,192,255,Ferralic Arenosols
17Haplic ArenosolsHaplic.ArenosolsArenosols950Haplic (undetermined) Arenosols17,254,227,192,255,Haplic Arenosols
18Haplic Arenosols (Calcaric)Haplic.Arenosols..Calcaric.Arenosols99Haplic (undetermined) Arenosols (Calcaric)18,254,228,177,255,Haplic Arenosols (Calcaric)
19Hypoluvic ArenosolsHypoluvic.ArenosolsArenosols205Hypoluvic Arenosols19,254,238,192,255,Hypoluvic Arenosols
20Protic ArenosolsProtic.ArenosolsArenosols323Protic Arenosols20,254,243,192,255,Protic Arenosols
21Haplic CalcisolsHaplic.CalcisolsCalcisols1749Haplic (undetermined) Calcisols21,255,239,81,255,Haplic Calcisols
22Haplic Calcisols (Sodic)Haplic.Calcisols..Sodic.Calcisols117Haplic (undetermined) Calcisols (Sodic)22,248,231,41,255,Haplic Calcisols (Sodic)
23Luvic CalcisolsLuvic.CalcisolsCalcisols324Luvic Calcisols23,255,252,43,255,Luvic Calcisols
24Petric CalcisolsPetric.CalcisolsCalcisols682Petric Calcisols24,255,238,43,255,Petric Calcisols
25Endogleyic CambisolsEndogleyic.CambisolsCambisols250Endogleyic Cambisols25,253,206,112,255,Endogleyic Cambisols
26Ferralic CambisolsFerralic.CambisolsCambisols311Ferralic Cambisols26,237,198,105,255,Ferralic Cambisols
27Haplic CambisolsHaplic.CambisolsCambisols5720Haplic (undetermined) Cambisols27,253,226,96,255,Haplic Cambisols
28Haplic Cambisols (Calcaric)Haplic.Cambisols..Calcaric.Cambisols1183Haplic (undetermined) Cambisols (Calcaric)28,253,231,112,255,Haplic Cambisols (Calcaric)
29Haplic Cambisols (Chromic)Haplic.Cambisols..Chromic.Cambisols247Haplic (undetermined) Cambisols (Chromic)29,253,247,112,255,Haplic Cambisols (Chromic)
30Haplic Cambisols (Dystric)Haplic.Cambisols..Dystric.Cambisols1362Haplic (undetermined) Cambisols (Dystric)30,246,206,75,255,Haplic Cambisols (Dystric)
31Haplic Cambisols (Eutric)Haplic.Cambisols..Eutric.Cambisols866Haplic (undetermined) Cambisols (Eutric)31,253,225,112,255,Haplic Cambisols (Eutric)
32Haplic Cambisols (Humic)Haplic.Cambisols..Humic.Cambisols281Haplic (undetermined) Cambisols (Humic)32,253,224,95,255,Haplic Cambisols (Humic)
33Haplic Cambisols (Sodic)Haplic.Cambisols..Sodic.Cambisols121Haplic (undetermined) Cambisols (Sodic)33,253,235,112,255,Haplic Cambisols (Sodic)
34Leptic CambisolsLeptic.CambisolsCambisols199Leptic Cambisols34,253,225,112,255,Leptic Cambisols
35Vertic CambisolsVertic.CambisolsCambisols246Vertic Cambisols35,253,223,112,255,Vertic Cambisols
36Calcic ChernozemsCalcic.ChernozemsChernozems358Calcic Chernozems36,229,199,93,255,Calcic Chernozems
37Haplic ChernozemsHaplic.ChernozemsChernozems1396Haplic (undetermined) Chernozems37,229,209,92,255,Haplic Chernozems
38Luvic ChernozemsLuvic.ChernozemsChernozems377Luvic Chernozems38,229,216,92,255,Luvic Chernozems
39Haplic CryosolsHaplic.CryosolsCryosols1657Haplic (undetermined) Cryosols39,146,125,158,255,Haplic Cryosols
40Turbic CryosolsTurbic.CryosolsCryosols183Turbic Cryosols40,122,124,136,255,Turbic Cryosols
41Vitric CryosolsVitric.CryosolsCryosols13Vitric Cryosols41,158,140,125,255,Vitric Cryosols
42Petric DurisolsPetric.DurisolsDurisols39Petric Durisols42,250,235,198,255,Petric Durisols
43Acric FerralsolsAcric.FerralsolsFerralsols376Acric Ferralsols43,252,137,77,255,Acric Ferralsols
44Haplic FerralsolsHaplic.FerralsolsFerralsols1904Haplic (undetermined) Ferralsols44,252,156,77,255,Haplic Ferralsols
45Haplic Ferralsols (Rhodic)Haplic.Ferralsols..Rhodic.Ferralsols125Haplic (undetermined) Ferralsols (Rhodic)45,227,105,64,255,Haplic Ferralsols (Rhodic)
46Haplic Ferralsols (Xanthic)Haplic.Ferralsols..Xanthic.Ferralsols148Haplic (undetermined) Ferralsols (Xanthic)46,252,147,77,255,Haplic Ferralsols (Xanthic)
47Umbric FerralsolsUmbric.FerralsolsFerralsols200Umbric Ferralsols47,245,150,65,255,Umbric Ferralsols
48Haplic FluvisolsHaplic.FluvisolsFluvisols1801Haplic (undetermined) Fluvisols48,16,169,233,255,Haplic Fluvisols
49Haplic Fluvisols (Arenic)Haplic.Fluvisols..Arenic.Fluvisols163Haplic (undetermined) Fluvisols (Arenic)49,15,201,233,255,Haplic Fluvisols (Arenic)
50Haplic Fluvisols (Calcaric)Haplic.Fluvisols..Calcaric.Fluvisols699Haplic (undetermined) Fluvisols (Calcaric)50,15,139,233,255,Haplic Fluvisols (Calcaric)
51Haplic Fluvisols (Dystric)Haplic.Fluvisols..Dystric.Fluvisols109Haplic (undetermined) Fluvisols (Dystric)51,15,73,233,255,Haplic Fluvisols (Dystric)
52Haplic Fluvisols (Eutric)Haplic.Fluvisols..Eutric.Fluvisols476Haplic (undetermined) Fluvisols (Eutric)52,15,142,233,255,Haplic Fluvisols (Eutric)
53Calcic GleysolsCalcic.GleysolsGleysols523Calcic Gleysols53,171,154,191,255,Calcic Gleysols
54Haplic GleysolsHaplic.GleysolsGleysols1096Haplic (undetermined) Gleysols54,160,135,191,255,Haplic Gleysols
55Haplic Gleysols (Dystric)Haplic.Gleysols..Dystric.Gleysols103Haplic (undetermined) Gleysols (Dystric)55,121,63,191,255,Haplic Gleysols (Dystric)
56Haplic Gleysols (Eutric)Haplic.Gleysols..Eutric.Gleysols313Haplic (undetermined) Gleysols (Eutric)56,158,131,191,255,Haplic Gleysols (Eutric)
57Mollic GleysolsMollic.GleysolsGleysols588Mollic Gleysols57,135,89,191,255,Mollic Gleysols
58Umbric GleysolsUmbric.GleysolsGleysols630Umbric Gleysols58,147,111,191,255,Umbric Gleysols
59Calcic GypsisolsCalcic.GypsisolsGypsisols125Calcic Gypsisols59,255,249,173,255,Calcic Gypsisols
60Haplic GypsisolsHaplic.GypsisolsGypsisols568Haplic (undetermined) Gypsisols60,255,245,135,255,Haplic Gypsisols
61Calcic HistosolsCalcic.HistosolsHistosols22Calcic Histosols61,130,145,184,255,Calcic Histosols
62Cryic HistosolsCryic.HistosolsHistosols306Cryic Histosols62,138,150,152,255,Cryic Histosols
63Fibric HistosolsFibric.HistosolsHistosols379Fibric Histosols63,120,128,146,255,Fibric Histosols
64Hemic HistosolsHemic.HistosolsHistosols259Hemic Histosols64,60,90,106,255,Hemic Histosols
65Sapric HistosolsSapric.HistosolsHistosols132Sapric Histosols65,127,128,122,255,Sapric Histosols
66Calcic KastanozemsCalcic.KastanozemsKastanozems416Calcic Kastanozems66,210,161,141,255,Calcic Kastanozems
67Haplic KastanozemsHaplic.KastanozemsKastanozems1722Haplic (undetermined) Kastanozems67,210,135,105,255,Haplic Kastanozems
68Haplic LeptosolsHaplic.LeptosolsLeptosols1099Haplic (undetermined) Leptosols68,152,143,152,255,Haplic Leptosols
69Haplic Leptosols (Eutric)Haplic.Leptosols..Eutric.Leptosols264Haplic (undetermined) Leptosols (Eutric)69,201,201,201,255,Haplic Leptosols (Eutric)
70Lithic LeptosolsLithic.LeptosolsLeptosols655Lithic Leptosols70,180,189,182,255,Lithic Leptosols
71Mollic LeptosolsMollic.LeptosolsLeptosols162Mollic Leptosols71,144,152,163,255,Mollic Leptosols
72Rendzic LeptosolsRendzic.LeptosolsLeptosols706Rendzic Leptosols72,162,162,162,255,Rendzic Leptosols
73Haplic LixisolsHaplic.LixisolsLixisols1100Haplic (undetermined) Lixisols73,247,199,202,255,Haplic Lixisols
74Haplic Lixisols (Chromic)Haplic.Lixisols..Chromic.Lixisols443Haplic (undetermined) Lixisols (Chromic)74,247,181,233,255,Haplic Lixisols (Chromic)
75Haplic Lixisols (Ferric)Haplic.Lixisols..Ferric.Lixisols134Haplic (undetermined) Lixisols (Ferric)75,247,149,182,255,Haplic Lixisols (Ferric)
76Albic LuvisolsAlbic.LuvisolsLuvisols1423Albic Luvisols76,248,150,180,255,Albic Luvisols
77Calcic LuvisolsCalcic.LuvisolsLuvisols372Calcic Luvisols77,249,168,144,255,Calcic Luvisols
78Gleyic LuvisolsGleyic.LuvisolsLuvisols1714Gleyic Luvisols78,249,160,145,255,Gleyic Luvisols
79Haplic LuvisolsHaplic.LuvisolsLuvisols2999Haplic (undetermined) Luvisols79,249,148,145,255,Haplic Luvisols
80Haplic Luvisols (Chromic)Haplic.Luvisols..Chromic.Luvisols401Haplic (undetermined) Luvisols (Chromic)80,249,145,155,255,Haplic Luvisols (Chromic)
81Haplic Luvisols (Ferric)Haplic.Luvisols..Ferric.Luvisols100Haplic (undetermined) Luvisols (Ferric)81,249,156,146,255,Haplic Luvisols (Ferric)
82Leptic LuvisolsLeptic.LuvisolsLuvisols229Leptic Luvisols82,249,145,132,255,Leptic Luvisols
83Stagnic LuvisolsStagnic.LuvisolsLuvisols165Stagnic Luvisols83,243,185,146,255,Stagnic Luvisols
84Vertic LuvisolsVertic.LuvisolsLuvisols141Vertic Luvisols84,249,145,146,255,Vertic Luvisols
85Alic NitisolsAlic.NitisolsNitisols72Alic Nitisols85,160,82,70,255,Alic Nitisols
86Haplic Nitisols (Rhodic)Haplic.Nitisols..Rhodic.Nitisols492Haplic (undetermined) Nitisols (Rhodic)86,204,123,104,255,Haplic Nitisols (Rhodic)
87Haplic PhaeozemsHaplic.PhaeozemsPhaeozems1130Haplic (undetermined) Phaeozems87,213,234,219,255,Haplic Phaeozems
88Leptic PhaeozemsLeptic.PhaeozemsPhaeozems267Leptic Phaeozems88,180,234,219,255,Leptic Phaeozems
89Luvic PhaeozemsLuvic.PhaeozemsPhaeozems748Luvic Phaeozems89,194,234,219,255,Luvic Phaeozems
90Endogleyic PlanosolsEndogleyic.PlanosolsPlanosols34Endogleyic Planosols90,215,150,95,255,Endogleyic Planosols
91Haplic Planosols (Dystric)Haplic.Planosols..Dystric.Planosols62Haplic (undetermined) Planosols (Dystric)91,240,150,107,255,Haplic Planosols (Dystric)
92Haplic Planosols (Eutric)Haplic.Planosols..Eutric.Planosols315Haplic (undetermined) Planosols (Eutric)92,246,156,105,255,Haplic Planosols (Eutric)
93Luvic PlanosolsLuvic.PlanosolsPlanosols32Luvic Planosols93,210,153,100,255,Luvic Planosols
94Solodic PlanosolsSolodic.PlanosolsPlanosols226Solodic Planosols94,216,149,93,255,Solodic Planosols
95Acric PlinthosolsAcric.PlinthosolsPlinthosols263Acric Plinthosols95,132,88,81,255,Acric Plinthosols
96Lixic PlinthosolsLixic.PlinthosolsPlinthosols49Lixic Plinthosols96,171,114,105,255,Lixic Plinthosols
97Gleyic PodzolsGleyic.PodzolsPodzols182Gleyic Podzols97,110,170,124,255,Gleyic Podzols
98Haplic PodzolsHaplic.PodzolsPodzols1401Haplic (undetermined) Podzols98,109,170,97,255,Haplic Podzols
99Aric RegosolsAric.RegosolsRegosols1494Aric Regosols99,253,228,183,255,Aric Regosols
100Calcaric RegosolsCalcaric.RegosolsRegosols1384Calcaric Regosols100,253,210,184,255,Calcaric Regosols
101Haplic Regosols (Dystric)Haplic.Regosols..Dystric.Regosols270Haplic (undetermined) Regosols (Dystric)101,253,216,151,255,Haplic Regosols (Dystric)
102Haplic Regosols (Eutric)Haplic.Regosols..Eutric.Regosols691Haplic (undetermined) Regosols (Eutric)102,253,218,156,255,Haplic Regosols (Eutric)
103Haplic Regosols (Sodic)Haplic.Regosols..Sodic.Regosols35Haplic (undetermined) Regosols (Sodic)103,255,212,156,255,Haplic Regosols (Sodic)
104Leptic RegosolsLeptic.RegosolsRegosols404Leptic Regosols104,253,213,142,255,Leptic Regosols
105Gypsic SolonchaksGypsic.SolonchaksSolonchaks104Gypsic Solonchaks105,224,91,154,255,Gypsic Solonchaks
106Haplic SolonchaksHaplic.SolonchaksSolonchaks400Haplic (undetermined) Solonchaks106,224,91,180,255,Haplic Solonchaks
107Haplic Solonchaks (Sodic)Haplic.Solonchaks..Sodic.Solonchaks135Haplic (undetermined) Solonchaks (Sodic)107,224,91,127,255,Haplic Solonchaks (Sodic)
108Calcic SolonetzCalcic.SolonetzSolonetz150Calcic Solonetz108,248,216,237,255,Calcic Solonetz
109Gleyic SolonetzGleyic.SolonetzSolonetz283Gleyic Solonetz109,226,205,204,255,Gleyic Solonetz
110Haplic SolonetzHaplic.SolonetzSolonetz546Haplic (undetermined) Solonetz110,248,170,222,255,Haplic Solonetz
111Mollic SolonetzMollic.SolonetzSolonetz317Mollic Solonetz111,248,223,230,255,Mollic Solonetz
112Luvic StagnosolsLuvic.StagnosolsStagnosols62Luvic Stagnosols112,115,195,244,255,Luvic Stagnosols
113Haplic UmbrisolsHaplic.UmbrisolsUmbrisols59Haplic (undetermined) Umbrisols113,140,126,121,255,Haplic Umbrisols
114Leptic UmbrisolsLeptic.UmbrisolsUmbrisols40Leptic Umbrisols114,121,140,131,255,Leptic Umbrisols
115Calcic VertisolsCalcic.VertisolsVertisols445Calcic Vertisols115,168,113,136,255,Calcic Vertisols
116Haplic VertisolsHaplic.VertisolsVertisols1063Haplic (undetermined) Vertisols116,168,142,153,255,Haplic Vertisols
117Haplic Vertisols (Eutric)Haplic.Vertisols..Eutric.Vertisols574Haplic (undetermined) Vertisols (Eutric)117,168,92,125,255,Haplic Vertisols (Eutric)
118Mollic VertisolsMollic.VertisolsVertisols134Mollic Vertisols118,168,81,162,255,Mollic Vertisols

Long description

NumberDesc_2nd_levelAlt_Description_merge
1Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.Acrisols = Strongly leached, red and yellow soils of wet (sub-)tropical regions on acid parent rock, with a clay accumulation horizon, low cation exchange capacity and low base saturation. Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.
2Having an Al saturation (effective) of 50 percent or more in some layer between 50 and 100 cm from the surface. Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.Acrisols = Strongly leached, red and yellow soils of wet (sub-)tropical regions on acid parent rock, with a clay accumulation horizon, low cation exchange capacity and low base saturation. Having an Al saturation (effective) of 50 percent or more in some layer between 50 and 100 cm from the surface. Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.
3The ferric horizon (from Latin ferrum, iron) is one in which segregation of Fe, or Fe and manganese (Mn), has taken place to such an extent that large mottles or discrete nodules have formed and the intermottle/internodular matrix is largely depleted of Fe. Generally, such segregation leads to poor aggregation of the soil particles in Fedepleted zones and compaction of the horizon. Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.Acrisols = Strongly leached, red and yellow soils of wet (sub-)tropical regions on acid parent rock, with a clay accumulation horizon, low cation exchange capacity and low base saturation. The ferric horizon (from Latin ferrum, iron) is one in which segregation of Fe, or Fe and manganese (Mn), has taken place to such an extent that large mottles or discrete nodules have formed and the intermottle/internodular matrix is largely depleted of Fe. Generally, such segregation leads to poor aggregation of the soil particles in Fedepleted zones and compaction of the horizon. Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.
4Having the following organic carbon contents in the fine earth fraction as a weighted average in Ferralsols and Nitisols, 1.4 percent or more to a depth of 100 cm from the mineral soil surface; in Leptosols, 2 percent or more to a depth of 25 cm from the mineral soil surface; in other soils, 1 percent or more to a depth of 50 cm from the mineral soil surface. Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.Acrisols = Strongly leached, red and yellow soils of wet (sub-)tropical regions on acid parent rock, with a clay accumulation horizon, low cation exchange capacity and low base saturation. Having the following organic carbon contents in the fine earth fraction as a weighted average in Ferralsols and Nitisols, 1.4 percent or more to a depth of 100 cm from the mineral soil surface; in Leptosols, 2 percent or more to a depth of 25 cm from the mineral soil surface; in other soils, 1 percent or more to a depth of 50 cm from the mineral soil surface. Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.
5The plinthic horizon (from Gr. plinthos, brick) is a subsurface horizon which constitutes an iron-rich, humus-poor mixture of kaolinitic clay with quartz and other constituents, and which changes irreversibly to a hardpan or to irregular aggregates on exposure to repeated wetting and drying with free access of oxygen.Acrisols = Strongly leached, red and yellow soils of wet (sub-)tropical regions on acid parent rock, with a clay accumulation horizon, low cation exchange capacity and low base saturation. The plinthic horizon (from Gr. plinthos, brick) is a subsurface horizon which constitutes an iron-rich, humus-poor mixture of kaolinitic clay with quartz and other constituents, and which changes irreversibly to a hardpan or to irregular aggregates on exposure to repeated wetting and drying with free access of oxygen.
6Having an ECEC (sum of exchangable bases plus exchangeable acidity in 1 M KCl) of less than 6 cmol / kg clay in some subsurface layer within 100 cm of the soil surface.Acrisols = Strongly leached, red and yellow soils of wet (sub-)tropical regions on acid parent rock, with a clay accumulation horizon, low cation exchange capacity and low base saturation. Having an ECEC (sum of exchangable bases plus exchangeable acidity in 1 M KCl) of less than 6 cmol / kg clay in some subsurface layer within 100 cm of the soil surface.
7Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.Albeluvisols = Base-poor soils of humid temperate regions with a bleached eluviation horizon tonguing into a clay-enriched subsurface horizon. Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.
8The histic horizon (from Greek histos, tissue) is a surface horizon, or a subsurface horizon occurring at shallow depth, that consists of poorly aerated organic material.Albeluvisols = Base-poor soils of humid temperate regions with a bleached eluviation horizon tonguing into a clay-enriched subsurface horizon. The histic horizon (from Greek histos, tissue) is a surface horizon, or a subsurface horizon occurring at shallow depth, that consists of poorly aerated organic material.
9The umbric horizon (from Latin umbra, shade) is a thick, dark-coloured, base-depleted surface horizon rich in organic matter.Albeluvisols = Base-poor soils of humid temperate regions with a bleached eluviation horizon tonguing into a clay-enriched subsurface horizon. The umbric horizon (from Latin umbra, shade) is a thick, dark-coloured, base-depleted surface horizon rich in organic matter.
10Having clay coatings in some parts of an argic horizon either starting within 100 cm of the soil surface or within 200 cm of the soil surface if the argic horizon is overlain by loamy sand or coarser textures throughout.Alisols = Soils of wet (sub-)tropical regions with high cation exchange capacity and much exchangeable aluminium. Having clay coatings in some parts of an argic horizon either starting within 100 cm of the soil surface or within 200 cm of the soil surface if the argic horizon is overlain by loamy sand or coarser textures throughout.
11Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.Alisols = Soils of wet (sub-)tropical regions with high cation exchange capacity and much exchangeable aluminium. Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.
12Having one or more layers, cumulatively 30 m or more thick, with andic properties.Andosols = Soil developed from volcanic material, are young immature soils, characteristics depend on type of volcanic material. Having one or more layers, cumulatively 30 m or more thick, with andic properties.
13Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.Andosols = Soil developed from volcanic material, are young immature soils, characteristics depend on type of volcanic material. Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.
14Vitric properties (from Latin vitrum, glass) apply to layers with volcanic glass and other primary minerals derived from volcanic ejecta and which contain a limited amount of short-range-order minerals.Andosols = Soil developed from volcanic material, are young immature soils, characteristics depend on type of volcanic material. Vitric properties (from Latin vitrum, glass) apply to layers with volcanic glass and other primary minerals derived from volcanic ejecta and which contain a limited amount of short-range-order minerals.
15Having an albic horizon (a light-coloured subsurface horizon from which clay and free iron oxides have been removed) starting within 100 cm of the soil surface.Arenosols = Sandy soils of desert areas, beach ridges, inland dunes, areas with highly weathered sandstone, etc. showing little or no profile development. Having an albic horizon (a light-coloured subsurface horizon from which clay and free iron oxides have been removed) starting within 100 cm of the soil surface.
16Having a ferralic horizon starting within 200 cm of the soil surface (in Anthrosols only), or ferralic properties in at least some layer starting within 100 cm of the soil surface (in other soils)Arenosols = Sandy soils of desert areas, beach ridges, inland dunes, areas with highly weathered sandstone, etc. showing little or no profile development. Having a ferralic horizon starting within 200 cm of the soil surface (in Anthrosols only), or ferralic properties in at least some layer starting within 100 cm of the soil surface (in other soils)
17Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.Arenosols = Sandy soils of desert areas, beach ridges, inland dunes, areas with highly weathered sandstone, etc. showing little or no profile development. Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.
18Having calcaric material between 20 and 50 cm from the soil surface or between 20 cm and continuous rock or a cemented or indurated layer, whichever is shallower. Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.Arenosols = Sandy soils of desert areas, beach ridges, inland dunes, areas with highly weathered sandstone, etc. showing little or no profile development. Having calcaric material between 20 and 50 cm from the soil surface or between 20 cm and continuous rock or a cemented or indurated layer, whichever is shallower. Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.
19Having an absolute clay increase of 3 percent or more within 100 cm of the soil surface (in Arenosols only).Arenosols = Sandy soils of desert areas, beach ridges, inland dunes, areas with highly weathered sandstone, etc. showing little or no profile development. Having an absolute clay increase of 3 percent or more within 100 cm of the soil surface (in Arenosols only).
20Showing no soil horizon development (in Arenosols only).Arenosols = Sandy soils of desert areas, beach ridges, inland dunes, areas with highly weathered sandstone, etc. showing little or no profile development. Showing no soil horizon development (in Arenosols only).
21Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.Calcisols = Soils of (semi-)arid regions with enrichment of secondary carbonates. Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.
22Having 15 percent or more exchangeable Na plus Mg on the exchange complex within 50 cm of the soil surface throughout. Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.Calcisols = Soils of (semi-)arid regions with enrichment of secondary carbonates. Having 15 percent or more exchangeable Na plus Mg on the exchange complex within 50 cm of the soil surface throughout. Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.
23Having an argic horizon that has a CEC of 24 cmolc kg-1 clay or more throughout or to a depth of 50 cm below its upper limit, whichever is shallower, either starting within 100 cm of the soil surface or within 200 cm of the soil surface if the argic horizon is overlain by loamy sand or coarser textures throughout, and a base saturation (by 1 M NH4OAc) of 50 percent or more in the major part between 50 and 100 cm from the soil surface.Calcisols = Soils of (semi-)arid regions with enrichment of secondary carbonates. Having an argic horizon that has a CEC of 24 cmolc kg-1 clay or more throughout or to a depth of 50 cm below its upper limit, whichever is shallower, either starting within 100 cm of the soil surface or within 200 cm of the soil surface if the argic horizon is overlain by loamy sand or coarser textures throughout, and a base saturation (by 1 M NH4OAc) of 50 percent or more in the major part between 50 and 100 cm from the soil surface.
24Having a strongly cemented or indurated layer starting within 100 cm of the soil surface.Calcisols = Soils of (semi-)arid regions with enrichment of secondary carbonates. Having a strongly cemented or indurated layer starting within 100 cm of the soil surface.
25Having between 50 and 100 cm of the mineral soil surface in some parts reducing conditions and in 25 percent or more of the soil volume a gleyic colour pattern.Cambisols = Soils that show "signs of beginning soil formation", i.e. that are only moderately developed on account of their limited pedogenetic age or because of rejuvenation of the soil material. Moderately developed soils occur in all environments, from sea level to the highlands, from the equator to the boreal regions, and under all kinds of vegetation. Having between 50 and 100 cm of the mineral soil surface in some parts reducing conditions and in 25 percent or more of the soil volume a gleyic colour pattern.
26Having a ferralic horizon starting within 200 cm of the soil surface (in Anthrosols only), or ferralic properties in at least some layer starting within 100 cm of the soil surface (in other soils)Cambisols = Soils that show "signs of beginning soil formation", i.e. that are only moderately developed on account of their limited pedogenetic age or because of rejuvenation of the soil material. Moderately developed soils occur in all environments, from sea level to the highlands, from the equator to the boreal regions, and under all kinds of vegetation. Having a ferralic horizon starting within 200 cm of the soil surface (in Anthrosols only), or ferralic properties in at least some layer starting within 100 cm of the soil surface (in other soils)
27Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.Cambisols = Soils that show "signs of beginning soil formation", i.e. that are only moderately developed on account of their limited pedogenetic age or because of rejuvenation of the soil material. Moderately developed soils occur in all environments, from sea level to the highlands, from the equator to the boreal regions, and under all kinds of vegetation. Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.
28Having calcaric material between 20 and 50 cm from the soil surface or between 20 cm and continuous rock or a cemented or indurated layer, whichever is shallower. Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.Cambisols = Soils that show "signs of beginning soil formation", i.e. that are only moderately developed on account of their limited pedogenetic age or because of rejuvenation of the soil material. Moderately developed soils occur in all environments, from sea level to the highlands, from the equator to the boreal regions, and under all kinds of vegetation. Having calcaric material between 20 and 50 cm from the soil surface or between 20 cm and continuous rock or a cemented or indurated layer, whichever is shallower. Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.
29Having within 150 cm of the soil surface a subsurface layer, 30 cm or more thick, that has a Munsell hue redder than 7.5 YR or that has both, a hue of 7.5 YR and a chroma, moist, of more than 4. Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.Cambisols = Soils that show "signs of beginning soil formation", i.e. that are only moderately developed on account of their limited pedogenetic age or because of rejuvenation of the soil material. Moderately developed soils occur in all environments, from sea level to the highlands, from the equator to the boreal regions, and under all kinds of vegetation. Having within 150 cm of the soil surface a subsurface layer, 30 cm or more thick, that has a Munsell hue redder than 7.5 YR or that has both, a hue of 7.5 YR and a chroma, moist, of more than 4. Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.
30Having a base saturation (by 1 M NH4OAc) of less than 50 percent in the major part between 20 and 100 cm from the soil surface or between 20 cm and continuous rock or a cemented or indurated layer, or, in Leptosols, in a layer, 5 cm or more thick, directly above continuous rock. Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.Cambisols = Soils that show "signs of beginning soil formation", i.e. that are only moderately developed on account of their limited pedogenetic age or because of rejuvenation of the soil material. Moderately developed soils occur in all environments, from sea level to the highlands, from the equator to the boreal regions, and under all kinds of vegetation. Having a base saturation (by 1 M NH4OAc) of less than 50 percent in the major part between 20 and 100 cm from the soil surface or between 20 cm and continuous rock or a cemented or indurated layer, or, in Leptosols, in a layer, 5 cm or more thick, directly above continuous rock. Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.
31Having a base saturation (by 1 M NH4OAc) of 50 percent or more in the major part between 20 and 100 cm from the soil surface or between 20 cm and continuous rock or a cemented or indurated layer, or, in Leptosols, in a layer, 5 cm or more thick, directly above continuous rock. Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.Cambisols = Soils that show "signs of beginning soil formation", i.e. that are only moderately developed on account of their limited pedogenetic age or because of rejuvenation of the soil material. Moderately developed soils occur in all environments, from sea level to the highlands, from the equator to the boreal regions, and under all kinds of vegetation. Having a base saturation (by 1 M NH4OAc) of 50 percent or more in the major part between 20 and 100 cm from the soil surface or between 20 cm and continuous rock or a cemented or indurated layer, or, in Leptosols, in a layer, 5 cm or more thick, directly above continuous rock. Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.
32Having the following organic carbon contents in the fine earth fraction as a weighted average in Ferralsols and Nitisols, 1.4 percent or more to a depth of 100 cm from the mineral soil surface; in Leptosols, 2 percent or more to a depth of 25 cm from the mineral soil surface; in other soils, 1 percent or more to a depth of 50 cm from the mineral soil surface. Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.Cambisols = Soils that show "signs of beginning soil formation", i.e. that are only moderately developed on account of their limited pedogenetic age or because of rejuvenation of the soil material. Moderately developed soils occur in all environments, from sea level to the highlands, from the equator to the boreal regions, and under all kinds of vegetation. Having the following organic carbon contents in the fine earth fraction as a weighted average in Ferralsols and Nitisols, 1.4 percent or more to a depth of 100 cm from the mineral soil surface; in Leptosols, 2 percent or more to a depth of 25 cm from the mineral soil surface; in other soils, 1 percent or more to a depth of 50 cm from the mineral soil surface. Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.
33Having 15 percent or more exchangeable Na plus Mg on the exchange complex within 50 cm of the soil surface throughout. Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.Cambisols = Soils that show "signs of beginning soil formation", i.e. that are only moderately developed on account of their limited pedogenetic age or because of rejuvenation of the soil material. Moderately developed soils occur in all environments, from sea level to the highlands, from the equator to the boreal regions, and under all kinds of vegetation. Having 15 percent or more exchangeable Na plus Mg on the exchange complex within 50 cm of the soil surface throughout. Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.
34Having continuous rock starting within 100 cm of the soil surface.Cambisols = Soils that show "signs of beginning soil formation", i.e. that are only moderately developed on account of their limited pedogenetic age or because of rejuvenation of the soil material. Moderately developed soils occur in all environments, from sea level to the highlands, from the equator to the boreal regions, and under all kinds of vegetation. Having continuous rock starting within 100 cm of the soil surface.
35The vertic horizon (from Latin vertere, to turn) is a clayey subsurface horizon that, as a result of shrinking and swelling, has slickensides and wedge-shaped structural aggregates.Cambisols = Soils that show "signs of beginning soil formation", i.e. that are only moderately developed on account of their limited pedogenetic age or because of rejuvenation of the soil material. Moderately developed soils occur in all environments, from sea level to the highlands, from the equator to the boreal regions, and under all kinds of vegetation. The vertic horizon (from Latin vertere, to turn) is a clayey subsurface horizon that, as a result of shrinking and swelling, has slickensides and wedge-shaped structural aggregates.
36The calcic horizon (from Latin calx, lime) is a horizon in which secondary calcium carbonate (CaCO3) has accumulated in a diffuse form (calcium carbonate present only in the form of fine particles of less than 1 mm, dispersed in the matrix) or as discontinuous concentrations (pseudomycelia, cutans, soft and hard nodules, or veins). The accumulation may be in the parent material or in subsurface horizons, but it can also occur in surface horizons. If the accumulation of soft carbonates becomes such that all or most of the pedological and/or lithological structures disappear and continuous concentrations of calcium carbonate prevail, a hypercalcic qualifier is used.Chernozems = Soils with deep, very dark surface soils and carbonate enrichment in the subsoil that occur in the steppe zone between the dry climates and the humid Temperate Zone. This transition zone has a climax vegetation of ephemeral grasses and dry forest. The calcic horizon (from Latin calx, lime) is a horizon in which secondary calcium carbonate (CaCO3) has accumulated in a diffuse form (calcium carbonate present only in the form of fine particles of less than 1 mm, dispersed in the matrix) or as discontinuous concentrations (pseudomycelia, cutans, soft and hard nodules, or veins). The accumulation may be in the parent material or in subsurface horizons, but it can also occur in surface horizons. If the accumulation of soft carbonates becomes such that all or most of the pedological and/or lithological structures disappear and continuous concentrations of calcium carbonate prevail, a hypercalcic qualifier is used.
37Chernozems = Soils with deep, very dark surface soils and carbonate enrichment in the subsoil that occur in the steppe zone between the dry climates and the humid Temperate Zone. This transition zone has a climax vegetation of ephemeral grasses and dry forest.
38Having an argic horizon that has a CEC of 24 cmolc kg-1 clay or more throughout or to a depth of 50 cm below its upper limit, whichever is shallower, either starting within 100 cm of the soil surface or within 200 cm of the soil surface if the argic horizon is overlain by loamy sand or coarser textures throughout, and a base saturation (by 1 M NH4OAc) of 50 percent or more in the major part between 50 and 100 cm from the soil surface.Chernozems = Soils with deep, very dark surface soils and carbonate enrichment in the subsoil that occur in the steppe zone between the dry climates and the humid Temperate Zone. This transition zone has a climax vegetation of ephemeral grasses and dry forest. Having an argic horizon that has a CEC of 24 cmolc kg-1 clay or more throughout or to a depth of 50 cm below its upper limit, whichever is shallower, either starting within 100 cm of the soil surface or within 200 cm of the soil surface if the argic horizon is overlain by loamy sand or coarser textures throughout, and a base saturation (by 1 M NH4OAc) of 50 percent or more in the major part between 50 and 100 cm from the soil surface.
39Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.Cryosols = Soils of permafrost regions. These soils show signs of 'Aocryoturbation'Ao (i.e. disturbance by freeze-thaw sequences and ice segregation) such as irregular or broken soil horizons and organic matter in the subsurface soil, often concentrated along the top of the permafrost table. Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.
40Having cryoturbation features (mixed material, disrupted soil horizons, involutions, organic intrusions, frost heave, separation of coarse from fine materials, cracks or patterened ground) at the soil surface or above a cryic horizon and within 100 cm of the soil surface.Cryosols = Soils of permafrost regions. These soils show signs of 'Aocryoturbation'Ao (i.e. disturbance by freeze-thaw sequences and ice segregation) such as irregular or broken soil horizons and organic matter in the subsurface soil, often concentrated along the top of the permafrost table. Having cryoturbation features (mixed material, disrupted soil horizons, involutions, organic intrusions, frost heave, separation of coarse from fine materials, cracks or patterened ground) at the soil surface or above a cryic horizon and within 100 cm of the soil surface.
41Vitric properties (from Latin vitrum, glass) apply to layers with volcanic glass and other primary minerals derived from volcanic ejecta and which contain a limited amount of short-range-order minerals.Cryosols = Soils of permafrost regions. These soils show signs of 'Aocryoturbation'Ao (i.e. disturbance by freeze-thaw sequences and ice segregation) such as irregular or broken soil horizons and organic matter in the subsurface soil, often concentrated along the top of the permafrost table. Vitric properties (from Latin vitrum, glass) apply to layers with volcanic glass and other primary minerals derived from volcanic ejecta and which contain a limited amount of short-range-order minerals.
42Having a strongly cemented or indurated layer starting within 100 cm of the soil surface.Durisols = Soils of (semi-)arid regions with a layer or nodules of soil material that is cemented by silica. Having a strongly cemented or indurated layer starting within 100 cm of the soil surface.
43Having an argic horizon that has a CEC (by 1 M NH4OAc) of less than 24 cmolc kg-1 clay in some part to a maximum depth of 50 cm below its upper limit, either starting within 100 cm of the soil surface or within 200 cm of the soil surface if the argic horizon is overlain by loamy sand or coarser textures throughout, and a base saturation (by 1 M NH4OAc) of less than 50 percent in the major part between 50 and 100 cm from the soil surface.Ferralsols = Soils of wet (sub-)tropical regions that have a very low cation exchange capacity and are virtually devoid of weatherable minerals. Having an argic horizon that has a CEC (by 1 M NH4OAc) of less than 24 cmolc kg-1 clay in some part to a maximum depth of 50 cm below its upper limit, either starting within 100 cm of the soil surface or within 200 cm of the soil surface if the argic horizon is overlain by loamy sand or coarser textures throughout, and a base saturation (by 1 M NH4OAc) of less than 50 percent in the major part between 50 and 100 cm from the soil surface.
44Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.Ferralsols = Soils of wet (sub-)tropical regions that have a very low cation exchange capacity and are virtually devoid of weatherable minerals. Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.
45Having within 150 cm of the soil surface a subsurface layer, 30 cm or more thick, with a Munsell hue redder than 5 YR (3.5 YR or redder), a value, moist, of less than 3.5 and a value, dry, no more than one unit higher than the moist value. Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.Ferralsols = Soils of wet (sub-)tropical regions that have a very low cation exchange capacity and are virtually devoid of weatherable minerals. Having within 150 cm of the soil surface a subsurface layer, 30 cm or more thick, with a Munsell hue redder than 5 YR (3.5 YR or redder), a value, moist, of less than 3.5 and a value, dry, no more than one unit higher than the moist value. Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.
46Having a ferralic horizon that has in a subhorizon, 30 cm or more thick within 150 cm of the soil surface, a Munsell hue of 7.5 YR or yellower and a value, moist, of 4 or more and a chroma, moist, of 5 or more. Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.Ferralsols = Soils of wet (sub-)tropical regions that have a very low cation exchange capacity and are virtually devoid of weatherable minerals. Having a ferralic horizon that has in a subhorizon, 30 cm or more thick within 150 cm of the soil surface, a Munsell hue of 7.5 YR or yellower and a value, moist, of 4 or more and a chroma, moist, of 5 or more. Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.
47The umbric horizon (from Latin umbra, shade) is a thick, dark-coloured, base-depleted surface horizon rich in organic matter.Ferralsols = Soils of wet (sub-)tropical regions that have a very low cation exchange capacity and are virtually devoid of weatherable minerals. The umbric horizon (from Latin umbra, shade) is a thick, dark-coloured, base-depleted surface horizon rich in organic matter.
48Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.Fluvisols = Young alluvial soils mainly found along rivers or other low terrain positions, which show stratification or other evidence of recent sedimentation. Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.
49Having a texture of loamy fine sand or coarser in a layer, 30 cm or more thick, within 100 cm of the soil surface. Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.Fluvisols = Young alluvial soils mainly found along rivers or other low terrain positions, which show stratification or other evidence of recent sedimentation. Having a texture of loamy fine sand or coarser in a layer, 30 cm or more thick, within 100 cm of the soil surface. Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.
50Having calcaric material between 20 and 50 cm from the soil surface or between 20 cm and continuous rock or a cemented or indurated layer, whichever is shallower. Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.Fluvisols = Young alluvial soils mainly found along rivers or other low terrain positions, which show stratification or other evidence of recent sedimentation. Having calcaric material between 20 and 50 cm from the soil surface or between 20 cm and continuous rock or a cemented or indurated layer, whichever is shallower. Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.
51Having a base saturation (by 1 M NH4OAc) of less than 50 percent in the major part between 20 and 100 cm from the soil surface or between 20 cm and continuous rock or a cemented or indurated layer, or, in Leptosols, in a layer, 5 cm or more thick, directly above continuous rock. Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.Fluvisols = Young alluvial soils mainly found along rivers or other low terrain positions, which show stratification or other evidence of recent sedimentation. Having a base saturation (by 1 M NH4OAc) of less than 50 percent in the major part between 20 and 100 cm from the soil surface or between 20 cm and continuous rock or a cemented or indurated layer, or, in Leptosols, in a layer, 5 cm or more thick, directly above continuous rock. Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.
52Having a base saturation (by 1 M NH4OAc) of 50 percent or more in the major part between 20 and 100 cm from the soil surface or between 20 cm and continuous rock or a cemented or indurated layer, or, in Leptosols, in a layer, 5 cm or more thick, directly above continuous rock. Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.Fluvisols = Young alluvial soils mainly found along rivers or other low terrain positions, which show stratification or other evidence of recent sedimentation. Having a base saturation (by 1 M NH4OAc) of 50 percent or more in the major part between 20 and 100 cm from the soil surface or between 20 cm and continuous rock or a cemented or indurated layer, or, in Leptosols, in a layer, 5 cm or more thick, directly above continuous rock. Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.
53The calcic horizon (from Latin calx, lime) is a horizon in which secondary calcium carbonate (CaCO3) has accumulated in a diffuse form (calcium carbonate present only in the form of fine particles of less than 1 mm, dispersed in the matrix) or as discontinuous concentrations (pseudomycelia, cutans, soft and hard nodules, or veins). The accumulation may be in the parent material or in subsurface horizons, but it can also occur in surface horizons. If the accumulation of soft carbonates becomes such that all or most of the pedological and/or lithological structures disappear and continuous concentrations of calcium carbonate prevail, a hypercalcic qualifier is used.Gleysols = Non-stratified soils in waterlogged areas that do not receive regular additions of sediment. Usually found in low terrain positions. The calcic horizon (from Latin calx, lime) is a horizon in which secondary calcium carbonate (CaCO3) has accumulated in a diffuse form (calcium carbonate present only in the form of fine particles of less than 1 mm, dispersed in the matrix) or as discontinuous concentrations (pseudomycelia, cutans, soft and hard nodules, or veins). The accumulation may be in the parent material or in subsurface horizons, but it can also occur in surface horizons. If the accumulation of soft carbonates becomes such that all or most of the pedological and/or lithological structures disappear and continuous concentrations of calcium carbonate prevail, a hypercalcic qualifier is used.
54Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.Gleysols = Non-stratified soils in waterlogged areas that do not receive regular additions of sediment. Usually found in low terrain positions. Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.
55Having a base saturation (by 1 M NH4OAc) of less than 50 percent in the major part between 20 and 100 cm from the soil surface or between 20 cm and continuous rock or a cemented or indurated layer, or, in Leptosols, in a layer, 5 cm or more thick, directly above continuous rock. Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.Gleysols = Non-stratified soils in waterlogged areas that do not receive regular additions of sediment. Usually found in low terrain positions. Having a base saturation (by 1 M NH4OAc) of less than 50 percent in the major part between 20 and 100 cm from the soil surface or between 20 cm and continuous rock or a cemented or indurated layer, or, in Leptosols, in a layer, 5 cm or more thick, directly above continuous rock. Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.
56Having a base saturation (by 1 M NH4OAc) of 50 percent or more in the major part between 20 and 100 cm from the soil surface or between 20 cm and continuous rock or a cemented or indurated layer, or, in Leptosols, in a layer, 5 cm or more thick, directly above continuous rock. Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.Gleysols = Non-stratified soils in waterlogged areas that do not receive regular additions of sediment. Usually found in low terrain positions. Having a base saturation (by 1 M NH4OAc) of 50 percent or more in the major part between 20 and 100 cm from the soil surface or between 20 cm and continuous rock or a cemented or indurated layer, or, in Leptosols, in a layer, 5 cm or more thick, directly above continuous rock. Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.
57The mollic horizon (from Latin mollis, soft) is a well-structured, dark-coloured surface horizon with a high base saturation and a moderate to high content of organic matter.Gleysols = Non-stratified soils in waterlogged areas that do not receive regular additions of sediment. Usually found in low terrain positions. The mollic horizon (from Latin mollis, soft) is a well-structured, dark-coloured surface horizon with a high base saturation and a moderate to high content of organic matter.
58The umbric horizon (from Latin umbra, shade) is a thick, dark-coloured, base-depleted surface horizon rich in organic matter.Gleysols = Non-stratified soils in waterlogged areas that do not receive regular additions of sediment. Usually found in low terrain positions. The umbric horizon (from Latin umbra, shade) is a thick, dark-coloured, base-depleted surface horizon rich in organic matter.
59The calcic horizon (from Latin calx, lime) is a horizon in which secondary calcium carbonate (CaCO3) has accumulated in a diffuse form (calcium carbonate present only in the form of fine particles of less than 1 mm, dispersed in the matrix) or as discontinuous concentrations (pseudomycelia, cutans, soft and hard nodules, or veins). The accumulation may be in the parent material or in subsurface horizons, but it can also occur in surface horizons. If the accumulation of soft carbonates becomes such that all or most of the pedological and/or lithological structures disappear and continuous concentrations of calcium carbonate prevail, a hypercalcic qualifier is used.Gypsisols = Soils of (semi-)arid regions with a horizon of secondary gypsum enrichment. The calcic horizon (from Latin calx, lime) is a horizon in which secondary calcium carbonate (CaCO3) has accumulated in a diffuse form (calcium carbonate present only in the form of fine particles of less than 1 mm, dispersed in the matrix) or as discontinuous concentrations (pseudomycelia, cutans, soft and hard nodules, or veins). The accumulation may be in the parent material or in subsurface horizons, but it can also occur in surface horizons. If the accumulation of soft carbonates becomes such that all or most of the pedological and/or lithological structures disappear and continuous concentrations of calcium carbonate prevail, a hypercalcic qualifier is used.
60Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.Gypsisols = Soils of (semi-)arid regions with a horizon of secondary gypsum enrichment. Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.
61The calcic horizon (from Latin calx, lime) is a horizon in which secondary calcium carbonate (CaCO3) has accumulated in a diffuse form (calcium carbonate present only in the form of fine particles of less than 1 mm, dispersed in the matrix) or as discontinuous concentrations (pseudomycelia, cutans, soft and hard nodules, or veins). The accumulation may be in the parent material or in subsurface horizons, but it can also occur in surface horizons. If the accumulation of soft carbonates becomes such that all or most of the pedological and/or lithological structures disappear and continuous concentrations of calcium carbonate prevail, a hypercalcic qualifier is used.Histosols = Soils consisting primarily of organic materials. They are defined as having 40 centimetres or more of organic soil material in the upper 80 centimetres. The calcic horizon (from Latin calx, lime) is a horizon in which secondary calcium carbonate (CaCO3) has accumulated in a diffuse form (calcium carbonate present only in the form of fine particles of less than 1 mm, dispersed in the matrix) or as discontinuous concentrations (pseudomycelia, cutans, soft and hard nodules, or veins). The accumulation may be in the parent material or in subsurface horizons, but it can also occur in surface horizons. If the accumulation of soft carbonates becomes such that all or most of the pedological and/or lithological structures disappear and continuous concentrations of calcium carbonate prevail, a hypercalcic qualifier is used.
62The cryic horizon (from Greek kryos, cold, ice) is a perennially frozen soil horizon in mineral or organic materials.Histosols = Soils consisting primarily of organic materials. They are defined as having 40 centimetres or more of organic soil material in the upper 80 centimetres. The cryic horizon (from Greek kryos, cold, ice) is a perennially frozen soil horizon in mineral or organic materials.
63Having, after rubbing, two-thirds or more (by volume) of the organic material consisting of recognizable plant tissue within 100 cm of the soil surface (in Histosols only).Histosols = Soils consisting primarily of organic materials. They are defined as having 40 centimetres or more of organic soil material in the upper 80 centimetres. Having, after rubbing, two-thirds or more (by volume) of the organic material consisting of recognizable plant tissue within 100 cm of the soil surface (in Histosols only).
64Having, after rubbing, between two-thirds and one-sixth (by volume) of the organic material consisting of recognizable plant tissue within 100 cm from the soil surface (in Histosols only).Histosols = Soils consisting primarily of organic materials. They are defined as having 40 centimetres or more of organic soil material in the upper 80 centimetres. Having, after rubbing, between two-thirds and one-sixth (by volume) of the organic material consisting of recognizable plant tissue within 100 cm from the soil surface (in Histosols only).
65Having, after rubbing, less than one-sixth (by volume) of the organic material consisting of recognizable plant tissue within 100 cm of the soil surface (in Histosols only).Histosols = Soils consisting primarily of organic materials. They are defined as having 40 centimetres or more of organic soil material in the upper 80 centimetres. Having, after rubbing, less than one-sixth (by volume) of the organic material consisting of recognizable plant tissue within 100 cm of the soil surface (in Histosols only).
66The calcic horizon (from Latin calx, lime) is a horizon in which secondary calcium carbonate (CaCO3) has accumulated in a diffuse form (calcium carbonate present only in the form of fine particles of less than 1 mm, dispersed in the matrix) or as discontinuous concentrations (pseudomycelia, cutans, soft and hard nodules, or veins). The accumulation may be in the parent material or in subsurface horizons, but it can also occur in surface horizons. If the accumulation of soft carbonates becomes such that all or most of the pedological and/or lithological structures disappear and continuous concentrations of calcium carbonate prevail, a hypercalcic qualifier is used.Kastanozems = Soils occurring in the driest parts of the steppe zone. Compared to Kastanozmes they are less deep, brownish surface soils and have carbonate and/or gypsum accumulation at some depth. The calcic horizon (from Latin calx, lime) is a horizon in which secondary calcium carbonate (CaCO3) has accumulated in a diffuse form (calcium carbonate present only in the form of fine particles of less than 1 mm, dispersed in the matrix) or as discontinuous concentrations (pseudomycelia, cutans, soft and hard nodules, or veins). The accumulation may be in the parent material or in subsurface horizons, but it can also occur in surface horizons. If the accumulation of soft carbonates becomes such that all or most of the pedological and/or lithological structures disappear and continuous concentrations of calcium carbonate prevail, a hypercalcic qualifier is used.
67Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.Kastanozems = Soils occurring in the driest parts of the steppe zone. Compared to Kastanozmes they are less deep, brownish surface soils and have carbonate and/or gypsum accumulation at some depth. Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.
68Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.Leptosols = Shallow soils in elevated and/or eroding areas over hard rock or highly calcareous material. Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.
69Having a base saturation (by 1 M NH4OAc) of 50 percent or more in the major part between 20 and 100 cm from the soil surface or between 20 cm and continuous rock or a cemented or indurated layer, or, in Leptosols, in a layer, 5 cm or more thick, directly above continuous rock. Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.Leptosols = Shallow soils in elevated and/or eroding areas over hard rock or highly calcareous material. Having a base saturation (by 1 M NH4OAc) of 50 percent or more in the major part between 20 and 100 cm from the soil surface or between 20 cm and continuous rock or a cemented or indurated layer, or, in Leptosols, in a layer, 5 cm or more thick, directly above continuous rock. Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.
70Having continuous rock starting within 10 cm of the soil surface (in Leptosols only).Leptosols = Shallow soils in elevated and/or eroding areas over hard rock or highly calcareous material. Having continuous rock starting within 10 cm of the soil surface (in Leptosols only).
71The mollic horizon (from Latin mollis, soft) is a well-structured, dark-coloured surface horizon with a high base saturation and a moderate to high content of organic matter.Leptosols = Shallow soils in elevated and/or eroding areas over hard rock or highly calcareous material. The mollic horizon (from Latin mollis, soft) is a well-structured, dark-coloured surface horizon with a high base saturation and a moderate to high content of organic matter.
72Having a mollic horizon that contains or immediately overlies calcaric materials containing 40 percent or more calcium carbonate equivalent.Leptosols = Shallow soils in elevated and/or eroding areas over hard rock or highly calcareous material. Having a mollic horizon that contains or immediately overlies calcaric materials containing 40 percent or more calcium carbonate equivalent.
73Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.Lixisols = Soils of wet (sub-)tropical regions with a low cation exchange capacity but high base saturation percentage. Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.
74Having within 150 cm of the soil surface a subsurface layer, 30 cm or more thick, that has a Munsell hue redder than 7.5 YR or that has both, a hue of 7.5 YR and a chroma, moist, of more than 4. Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.Lixisols = Soils of wet (sub-)tropical regions with a low cation exchange capacity but high base saturation percentage. Having within 150 cm of the soil surface a subsurface layer, 30 cm or more thick, that has a Munsell hue redder than 7.5 YR or that has both, a hue of 7.5 YR and a chroma, moist, of more than 4. Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.
75Having a ferric horizon (segregation of Fe, or Fe and Mn with large mottles or discrete nodules) starting from 100 cm of the soil surface. Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.Lixisols = Soils of wet (sub-)tropical regions with a low cation exchange capacity but high base saturation percentage. Having a ferric horizon (segregation of Fe, or Fe and Mn with large mottles or discrete nodules) starting from 100 cm of the soil surface. Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.
76Having an albic horizon (a light-coloured subsurface horizon from which clay and free iron oxides have been removed) starting within 100 cm of the soil surface.Luvisols = Brownish and greyish, base-rich soils of humid temperate regions with a distinct clay accumulation horizon. Having an albic horizon (a light-coloured subsurface horizon from which clay and free iron oxides have been removed) starting within 100 cm of the soil surface.
77The calcic horizon (from Latin calx, lime) is a horizon in which secondary calcium carbonate (CaCO3) has accumulated in a diffuse form (calcium carbonate present only in the form of fine particles of less than 1 mm, dispersed in the matrix) or as discontinuous concentrations (pseudomycelia, cutans, soft and hard nodules, or veins). The accumulation may be in the parent material or in subsurface horizons, but it can also occur in surface horizons. If the accumulation of soft carbonates becomes such that all or most of the pedological and/or lithological structures disappear and continuous concentrations of calcium carbonate prevail, a hypercalcic qualifier is used.Luvisols = Brownish and greyish, base-rich soils of humid temperate regions with a distinct clay accumulation horizon. The calcic horizon (from Latin calx, lime) is a horizon in which secondary calcium carbonate (CaCO3) has accumulated in a diffuse form (calcium carbonate present only in the form of fine particles of less than 1 mm, dispersed in the matrix) or as discontinuous concentrations (pseudomycelia, cutans, soft and hard nodules, or veins). The accumulation may be in the parent material or in subsurface horizons, but it can also occur in surface horizons. If the accumulation of soft carbonates becomes such that all or most of the pedological and/or lithological structures disappear and continuous concentrations of calcium carbonate prevail, a hypercalcic qualifier is used.
78Having within 100 cm of the mineral soil surface in some parts reducing conditions and in 25 percent or more of the soil volume a gleyic colour pattern.Luvisols = Brownish and greyish, base-rich soils of humid temperate regions with a distinct clay accumulation horizon. Having within 100 cm of the mineral soil surface in some parts reducing conditions and in 25 percent or more of the soil volume a gleyic colour pattern.
79Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.Luvisols = Brownish and greyish, base-rich soils of humid temperate regions with a distinct clay accumulation horizon. Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.
80Having within 150 cm of the soil surface a subsurface layer, 30 cm or more thick, that has a Munsell hue redder than 7.5 YR or that has both, a hue of 7.5 YR and a chroma, moist, of more than 4. Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.Luvisols = Brownish and greyish, base-rich soils of humid temperate regions with a distinct clay accumulation horizon. Having within 150 cm of the soil surface a subsurface layer, 30 cm or more thick, that has a Munsell hue redder than 7.5 YR or that has both, a hue of 7.5 YR and a chroma, moist, of more than 4. Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.
81The ferric horizon (from Latin ferrum, iron) is one in which segregation of Fe, or Fe and manganese (Mn), has taken place to such an extent that large mottles or discrete nodules have formed and the intermottle/internodular matrix is largely depleted of Fe. Generally, such segregation leads to poor aggregation of the soil particles in Fedepleted zones and compaction of the horizon. Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.Luvisols = Brownish and greyish, base-rich soils of humid temperate regions with a distinct clay accumulation horizon. The ferric horizon (from Latin ferrum, iron) is one in which segregation of Fe, or Fe and manganese (Mn), has taken place to such an extent that large mottles or discrete nodules have formed and the intermottle/internodular matrix is largely depleted of Fe. Generally, such segregation leads to poor aggregation of the soil particles in Fedepleted zones and compaction of the horizon. Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.
82Having continuous rock starting within 100 cm of the soil surface.Luvisols = Brownish and greyish, base-rich soils of humid temperate regions with a distinct clay accumulation horizon. Having continuous rock starting within 100 cm of the soil surface.
83Having within 100 cm of the mineral soil surface in some parts reducing conditions for some time during the year and in 25 percent or more of the soil volume, single or in combination, a stagnic colour pattern or an albic horizon.Luvisols = Brownish and greyish, base-rich soils of humid temperate regions with a distinct clay accumulation horizon. Having within 100 cm of the mineral soil surface in some parts reducing conditions for some time during the year and in 25 percent or more of the soil volume, single or in combination, a stagnic colour pattern or an albic horizon.
84The vertic horizon (from Latin vertere, to turn) is a clayey subsurface horizon that, as a result of shrinking and swelling, has slickensides and wedge-shaped structural aggregates.Luvisols = Brownish and greyish, base-rich soils of humid temperate regions with a distinct clay accumulation horizon. The vertic horizon (from Latin vertere, to turn) is a clayey subsurface horizon that, as a result of shrinking and swelling, has slickensides and wedge-shaped structural aggregates.
85Having an argic horizon that has a CEC (by 1 M NH4OAc) of 24 cmolc kg-1 clay or more throughout or to a depth of 50 cm below its upper limit, whichever is shallower, either starting within 100 cm of the soil surface or within 200 cm of the soil surface if the argic horizon is overlain by loamy sand or coarser textures throughout, and a base saturation (by 1 M NH4OAc) of less than 50 percent in the major part between 50 and 100 cm from the soil surface.Nitisols = Deep soils of wet (sub-)tropical regions in relatively rich parent material and marked by shiny, nutty structure elements. Having an argic horizon that has a CEC (by 1 M NH4OAc) of 24 cmolc kg-1 clay or more throughout or to a depth of 50 cm below its upper limit, whichever is shallower, either starting within 100 cm of the soil surface or within 200 cm of the soil surface if the argic horizon is overlain by loamy sand or coarser textures throughout, and a base saturation (by 1 M NH4OAc) of less than 50 percent in the major part between 50 and 100 cm from the soil surface.
86Having within 150 cm of the soil surface a subsurface layer, 30 cm or more thick, with a Munsell hue redder than 5 YR (3.5 YR or redder), a value, moist, of less than 3.5 and a value, dry, no more than one unit higher than the moist value. Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.Nitisols = Deep soils of wet (sub-)tropical regions in relatively rich parent material and marked by shiny, nutty structure elements. Having within 150 cm of the soil surface a subsurface layer, 30 cm or more thick, with a Munsell hue redder than 5 YR (3.5 YR or redder), a value, moist, of less than 3.5 and a value, dry, no more than one unit higher than the moist value. Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.
87Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.Phaeozems = Dusky red soils of prairie regions with high base saturation but no visible signs of secondary carbonate accumulation. Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.
88Having continuous rock starting within 100 cm of the soil surface.Phaeozems = Dusky red soils of prairie regions with high base saturation but no visible signs of secondary carbonate accumulation. Having continuous rock starting within 100 cm of the soil surface.
89Having an argic horizon that has a CEC of 24 cmolc kg-1 clay or more throughout or to a depth of 50 cm below its upper limit, whichever is shallower, either starting within 100 cm of the soil surface or within 200 cm of the soil surface if the argic horizon is overlain by loamy sand or coarser textures throughout, and a base saturation (by 1 M NH4OAc) of 50 percent or more in the major part between 50 and 100 cm from the soil surface.Phaeozems = Dusky red soils of prairie regions with high base saturation but no visible signs of secondary carbonate accumulation. Having an argic horizon that has a CEC of 24 cmolc kg-1 clay or more throughout or to a depth of 50 cm below its upper limit, whichever is shallower, either starting within 100 cm of the soil surface or within 200 cm of the soil surface if the argic horizon is overlain by loamy sand or coarser textures throughout, and a base saturation (by 1 M NH4OAc) of 50 percent or more in the major part between 50 and 100 cm from the soil surface.
90Having between 50 and 100 cm of the mineral soil surface in some parts reducing conditions and in 25 percent or more of the soil volume a gleyic colour pattern.Planosols = Brownish and greyish soils of humid temperate regions with a bleached topsoil over dense, slowly permeable subsoil. Having between 50 and 100 cm of the mineral soil surface in some parts reducing conditions and in 25 percent or more of the soil volume a gleyic colour pattern.
91Having a base saturation (by 1 M NH4OAc) of less than 50 percent in the major part between 20 and 100 cm from the soil surface or between 20 cm and continuous rock or a cemented or indurated layer, or, in Leptosols, in a layer, 5 cm or more thick, directly above continuous rock. Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.Planosols = Brownish and greyish soils of humid temperate regions with a bleached topsoil over dense, slowly permeable subsoil. Having a base saturation (by 1 M NH4OAc) of less than 50 percent in the major part between 20 and 100 cm from the soil surface or between 20 cm and continuous rock or a cemented or indurated layer, or, in Leptosols, in a layer, 5 cm or more thick, directly above continuous rock. Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.
92Having a base saturation (by 1 M NH4OAc) of 50 percent or more in the major part between 20 and 100 cm from the soil surface or between 20 cm and continuous rock or a cemented or indurated layer, or, in Leptosols, in a layer, 5 cm or more thick, directly above continuous rock. Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.Planosols = Brownish and greyish soils of humid temperate regions with a bleached topsoil over dense, slowly permeable subsoil. Having a base saturation (by 1 M NH4OAc) of 50 percent or more in the major part between 20 and 100 cm from the soil surface or between 20 cm and continuous rock or a cemented or indurated layer, or, in Leptosols, in a layer, 5 cm or more thick, directly above continuous rock. Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.
93Having an argic horizon that has a CEC of 24 cmolc kg-1 clay or more throughout or to a depth of 50 cm below its upper limit, whichever is shallower, either starting within 100 cm of the soil surface or within 200 cm of the soil surface if the argic horizon is overlain by loamy sand or coarser textures throughout, and a base saturation (by 1 M NH4OAc) of 50 percent or more in the major part between 50 and 100 cm from the soil surface.Planosols = Brownish and greyish soils of humid temperate regions with a bleached topsoil over dense, slowly permeable subsoil. Having an argic horizon that has a CEC of 24 cmolc kg-1 clay or more throughout or to a depth of 50 cm below its upper limit, whichever is shallower, either starting within 100 cm of the soil surface or within 200 cm of the soil surface if the argic horizon is overlain by loamy sand or coarser textures throughout, and a base saturation (by 1 M NH4OAc) of 50 percent or more in the major part between 50 and 100 cm from the soil surface.
94Having a layer, 15 cm or more thick within 100 cm of the soil surface, with the columnar or prismatic structure of the natric horizon, but lacking its sodium saturation requirements.Planosols = Brownish and greyish soils of humid temperate regions with a bleached topsoil over dense, slowly permeable subsoil. Having a layer, 15 cm or more thick within 100 cm of the soil surface, with the columnar or prismatic structure of the natric horizon, but lacking its sodium saturation requirements.
95Having an argic horizon that has a CEC (by 1 M NH4OAc) of less than 24 cmolc kg-1 clay in some part to a maximum depth of 50 cm below its upper limit, either starting within 100 cm of the soil surface or within 200 cm of the soil surface if the argic horizon is overlain by loamy sand or coarser textures throughout, and a base saturation (by 1 M NH4OAc) of less than 50 percent in the major part between 50 and 100 cm from the soil surface.Plinthosols = Soils of wet (sub-)tropical regions on old weathering surfaces; these soils are marked by the presence of a mixture of clay and quartz ('Aoplinthite'Ao) that hardens irreversibly upon exposure to the open air. Having an argic horizon that has a CEC (by 1 M NH4OAc) of less than 24 cmolc kg-1 clay in some part to a maximum depth of 50 cm below its upper limit, either starting within 100 cm of the soil surface or within 200 cm of the soil surface if the argic horizon is overlain by loamy sand or coarser textures throughout, and a base saturation (by 1 M NH4OAc) of less than 50 percent in the major part between 50 and 100 cm from the soil surface.
96Having an argic horizon that has a CEC (by 1 M NH4OAc) of 24 cmolc kg-1 clay or more in some part to a maximum depth of 50 cm below its upper limit, either starting within 100 cm of the soil surface or within 200 cm of the soil surface if the argic horizon is overlain by loamy sand or coarser textures throughout, and a base saturation (by 1 M NH4OAc) of 50 percent or more in the major part between 50 and 100 cm from the soil surface.Plinthosols = Soils of wet (sub-)tropical regions on old weathering surfaces; these soils are marked by the presence of a mixture of clay and quartz ('Aoplinthite'Ao) that hardens irreversibly upon exposure to the open air. Having an argic horizon that has a CEC (by 1 M NH4OAc) of 24 cmolc kg-1 clay or more in some part to a maximum depth of 50 cm below its upper limit, either starting within 100 cm of the soil surface or within 200 cm of the soil surface if the argic horizon is overlain by loamy sand or coarser textures throughout, and a base saturation (by 1 M NH4OAc) of 50 percent or more in the major part between 50 and 100 cm from the soil surface.
97Having within 100 cm of the mineral soil surface in some parts reducing conditions and in 25 percent or more of the soil volume a gleyic colour pattern.Podzols = Soils of humid temperate regions with a bleached eluviation horizon over an accumulation horizon of organic matter with aluminium and/or iron. Having within 100 cm of the mineral soil surface in some parts reducing conditions and in 25 percent or more of the soil volume a gleyic colour pattern.
98Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.Podzols = Soils of humid temperate regions with a bleached eluviation horizon over an accumulation horizon of organic matter with aluminium and/or iron. Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.
99Having only remnants of diagnostic horizons 'Ai disturbed by deep ploughingRegosols = Relatively deep soils that occur in unconsolidated materials and which have only surficial profile development, e.g. because of low soil temperatures, prolonged dryness or erosion. Having only remnants of diagnostic horizons 'Ai disturbed by deep ploughing
100Having calcaric material between 20 and 50 cm from the soil surface or between 20 cm and continuous rock or a cemented or indurated layer, whichever is shallower.Regosols = Relatively deep soils that occur in unconsolidated materials and which have only surficial profile development, e.g. because of low soil temperatures, prolonged dryness or erosion. Having calcaric material between 20 and 50 cm from the soil surface or between 20 cm and continuous rock or a cemented or indurated layer, whichever is shallower.
101Having a base saturation (by 1 M NH4OAc) of less than 50 percent in the major part between 20 and 100 cm from the soil surface or between 20 cm and continuous rock or a cemented or indurated layer, or, in Leptosols, in a layer, 5 cm or more thick, directly above continuous rock. Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.Regosols = Relatively deep soils that occur in unconsolidated materials and which have only surficial profile development, e.g. because of low soil temperatures, prolonged dryness or erosion. Having a base saturation (by 1 M NH4OAc) of less than 50 percent in the major part between 20 and 100 cm from the soil surface or between 20 cm and continuous rock or a cemented or indurated layer, or, in Leptosols, in a layer, 5 cm or more thick, directly above continuous rock. Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.
102Having a base saturation (by 1 M NH4OAc) of 50 percent or more in the major part between 20 and 100 cm from the soil surface or between 20 cm and continuous rock or a cemented or indurated layer, or, in Leptosols, in a layer, 5 cm or more thick, directly above continuous rock. Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.Regosols = Relatively deep soils that occur in unconsolidated materials and which have only surficial profile development, e.g. because of low soil temperatures, prolonged dryness or erosion. Having a base saturation (by 1 M NH4OAc) of 50 percent or more in the major part between 20 and 100 cm from the soil surface or between 20 cm and continuous rock or a cemented or indurated layer, or, in Leptosols, in a layer, 5 cm or more thick, directly above continuous rock. Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.
103Having 15 percent or more exchangeable Na plus Mg on the exchange complex within 50 cm of the soil surface throughout. Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.Regosols = Relatively deep soils that occur in unconsolidated materials and which have only surficial profile development, e.g. because of low soil temperatures, prolonged dryness or erosion. Having 15 percent or more exchangeable Na plus Mg on the exchange complex within 50 cm of the soil surface throughout. Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.
104Having continuous rock starting within 100 cm of the soil surface.Regosols = Relatively deep soils that occur in unconsolidated materials and which have only surficial profile development, e.g. because of low soil temperatures, prolonged dryness or erosion. Having continuous rock starting within 100 cm of the soil surface.
105The gypsic horizon (from Greek gypsos) is a commonly non-cemented horizon containing secondary accumulations of gypsum (CaSO4.2H2O) in various forms. If the accumulation of gypsum becomes such that all or most of the pedological and/or lithological structures disappear and continuous concentrations of gypsum prevail, a hypergypsic qualifier is used.Solonchaks = Soils of (semi-)arid regions with a high content of soluble salts. The gypsic horizon (from Greek gypsos) is a commonly non-cemented horizon containing secondary accumulations of gypsum (CaSO4.2H2O) in various forms. If the accumulation of gypsum becomes such that all or most of the pedological and/or lithological structures disappear and continuous concentrations of gypsum prevail, a hypergypsic qualifier is used.
106Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.Solonchaks = Soils of (semi-)arid regions with a high content of soluble salts. Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.
107Having 15 percent or more exchangeable Na plus Mg on the exchange complex within 50 cm of the soil surface throughout. Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.Solonchaks = Soils of (semi-)arid regions with a high content of soluble salts. Having 15 percent or more exchangeable Na plus Mg on the exchange complex within 50 cm of the soil surface throughout. Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.
108The calcic horizon (from Latin calx, lime) is a horizon in which secondary calcium carbonate (CaCO3) has accumulated in a diffuse form (calcium carbonate present only in the form of fine particles of less than 1 mm, dispersed in the matrix) or as discontinuous concentrations (pseudomycelia, cutans, soft and hard nodules, or veins). The accumulation may be in the parent material or in subsurface horizons, but it can also occur in surface horizons. If the accumulation of soft carbonates becomes such that all or most of the pedological and/or lithological structures disappear and continuous concentrations of calcium carbonate prevail, a hypercalcic qualifier is used.Solonetz = Soils of (semi-)arid regions with a high percentage of adsorbed sodium (Na+) ions. The calcic horizon (from Latin calx, lime) is a horizon in which secondary calcium carbonate (CaCO3) has accumulated in a diffuse form (calcium carbonate present only in the form of fine particles of less than 1 mm, dispersed in the matrix) or as discontinuous concentrations (pseudomycelia, cutans, soft and hard nodules, or veins). The accumulation may be in the parent material or in subsurface horizons, but it can also occur in surface horizons. If the accumulation of soft carbonates becomes such that all or most of the pedological and/or lithological structures disappear and continuous concentrations of calcium carbonate prevail, a hypercalcic qualifier is used.
109Having within 100 cm of the mineral soil surface in some parts reducing conditions and in 25 percent or more of the soil volume a gleyic colour pattern.Solonetz = Soils of (semi-)arid regions with a high percentage of adsorbed sodium (Na+) ions. Having within 100 cm of the mineral soil surface in some parts reducing conditions and in 25 percent or more of the soil volume a gleyic colour pattern.
110Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.Solonetz = Soils of (semi-)arid regions with a high percentage of adsorbed sodium (Na+) ions. Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.
111The mollic horizon (from Latin mollis, soft) is a well-structured, dark-coloured surface horizon with a high base saturation and a moderate to high content of organic matter.Solonetz = Soils of (semi-)arid regions with a high percentage of adsorbed sodium (Na+) ions. The mollic horizon (from Latin mollis, soft) is a well-structured, dark-coloured surface horizon with a high base saturation and a moderate to high content of organic matter.
112Having an argic horizon that has a CEC of 24 cmolc kg-1 clay or more throughout or to a depth of 50 cm below its upper limit, whichever is shallower, either starting within 100 cm of the soil surface or within 200 cm of the soil surface if the argic horizon is overlain by loamy sand or coarser textures throughout, and a base saturation (by 1 M NH4OAc) of 50 percent or more in the major part between 50 and 100 cm from the soil surface.Stagnosols = Soils with strong mottling of the soil profile due to redox processes caused by stagnating surface water. Having an argic horizon that has a CEC of 24 cmolc kg-1 clay or more throughout or to a depth of 50 cm below its upper limit, whichever is shallower, either starting within 100 cm of the soil surface or within 200 cm of the soil surface if the argic horizon is overlain by loamy sand or coarser textures throughout, and a base saturation (by 1 M NH4OAc) of 50 percent or more in the major part between 50 and 100 cm from the soil surface.
113Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.Umbrisols = Soils of humid temperate regions with a thick, dark, acid surface horizon that is rich in organic matter. Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.
114Having continuous rock starting within 100 cm of the soil surface.Umbrisols = Soils of humid temperate regions with a thick, dark, acid surface horizon that is rich in organic matter. Having continuous rock starting within 100 cm of the soil surface.
115The calcic horizon (from Latin calx, lime) is a horizon in which secondary calcium carbonate (CaCO3) has accumulated in a diffuse form (calcium carbonate present only in the form of fine particles of less than 1 mm, dispersed in the matrix) or as discontinuous concentrations (pseudomycelia, cutans, soft and hard nodules, or veins). The accumulation may be in the parent material or in subsurface horizons, but it can also occur in surface horizons. If the accumulation of soft carbonates becomes such that all or most of the pedological and/or lithological structures disappear and continuous concentrations of calcium carbonate prevail, a hypercalcic qualifier is used.Vertisols = Swelling and shrinking heavy clayey soils of backswamps, river basins, lake bottoms, and other areas with a high content of expanding 2:1 lattice clays. The calcic horizon (from Latin calx, lime) is a horizon in which secondary calcium carbonate (CaCO3) has accumulated in a diffuse form (calcium carbonate present only in the form of fine particles of less than 1 mm, dispersed in the matrix) or as discontinuous concentrations (pseudomycelia, cutans, soft and hard nodules, or veins). The accumulation may be in the parent material or in subsurface horizons, but it can also occur in surface horizons. If the accumulation of soft carbonates becomes such that all or most of the pedological and/or lithological structures disappear and continuous concentrations of calcium carbonate prevail, a hypercalcic qualifier is used.
116Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.Vertisols = Swelling and shrinking heavy clayey soils of backswamps, river basins, lake bottoms, and other areas with a high content of expanding 2:1 lattice clays. Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.
117Having a base saturation (by 1 M NH4OAc) of 50 percent or more in the major part between 20 and 100 cm from the soil surface or between 20 cm and continuous rock or a cemented or indurated layer, or, in Leptosols, in a layer, 5 cm or more thick, directly above continuous rock. Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.Vertisols = Swelling and shrinking heavy clayey soils of backswamps, river basins, lake bottoms, and other areas with a high content of expanding 2:1 lattice clays. Having a base saturation (by 1 M NH4OAc) of 50 percent or more in the major part between 20 and 100 cm from the soil surface or between 20 cm and continuous rock or a cemented or indurated layer, or, in Leptosols, in a layer, 5 cm or more thick, directly above continuous rock. Other diagnostic horizons might occur but have not been recorded.
118The mollic horizon (from Latin mollis, soft) is a well-structured, dark-coloured surface horizon with a high base saturation and a moderate to high content of organic matter.Vertisols = Swelling and shrinking heavy clayey soils of backswamps, river basins, lake bottoms, and other areas with a high content of expanding 2:1 lattice clays. The mollic horizon (from Latin mollis, soft) is a well-structured, dark-coloured surface horizon with a high base saturation and a moderate to high content of organic matter.
Last updated on 2/17/2020
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