Climate data

Introduction

The following page provides additional details on the three types of future climate data - core data, processed data, and risk data. The primary focus is the detailed listing of the climate dimensions and their corresponding climate variables. A climate dimension refers to a specific type of climate hazard, such as a heatwave or heavy precipitation. Each climate dimension is defined by one or more climate variables, with each climate variable serving as an indicator that helps describe or measure the hazard.

The climate dimensions are based on the EU Taxonomy. In addition, a distinction is made between chronic and acute climate risks. Chronic climate risks are constantly increasing risks where change tends to happen more slowly. On the cntrary, acute risks are risks that can occur suddenly and repeatedly.

For each of the three types of climate data, the tables below show which climate dimensions are available, which climate variables belong to them, and the unit of each variable. They also indicate whether the variable reporesents an acute or chronic risk, and whether it was calculated using meteoblue's standard classification or sourced from an external dataset. Moreover, the spatial resolution is provided for both the current and future time horizons.

Core Data

Climate Variable	Unit
Temperature	°C
Precipitation	mm
Wind speed	km/h
Relative humidity	%
Shortwave radiation	W/m²

Processed Data

Climate Dimension	Climate Variable	Unit	Risk Type	Source	Current Climate Resolution	Future Climate Resolution
Changing temperature	Mean annual temperature	°C	chronic	meteoblue	12 km	12 km
Changing temperature	Maximum annual temperature	°C	chronic	meteoblue	12 km	12 km
Changing temperature	Changing freshwater and marine water temperature	°C	chronic	external	n/a	n/a
Heat stress	Wet bulb globe temperature	°C (WBGT)	chronic	external	30 km	n/a
Heat stress	Number of tropical nights	nights per year	chronic	meteoblue	12 km	12 km
Heat stress	Number of summer days	days per year	chronic	meteoblue	12 km	12 km
Heat stress	Number of hot days	days per year	chronic	meteoblue	12 km	12 km
Heat stress	Number of days exceeding 90th percentile	days per year	chronic	meteoblue	12 km	12 km
Temperature variability	Temperature difference warmest vs coldest month	°C	chronic	meteoblue	12 km	12 km
Permafrost Thawing	Permafrost thawing	–	chronic	external	25 km	n/a
Heat waves	Warm spell duration index	–	acute	meteoblue	12 km	12 km
Heat waves	Maximum universal thermal comfort index	–	acute	external	30 km	n/a
Cold waves	Cold spell duration index	–	acute	meteoblue	12 km	12 km
Cold waves	Minimum universal thermal comfort index	–	acute	external	30 km	n/a
Wildfire	Mean fire weather index	–	acute	meteoblue	12 km	12 km
Changing wind pattern	Average wind speed	km/h	chronic	meteoblue	12 km	12 km
Cyclone, hurricane, and typhoon	Current global cyclone hazard 50-year return period	–	acute	external	1 km	n/a
Storm (incl. blizzards, dust and sandstorm)	Sum of events exceeding 80 km/h	km/h	acute	meteoblue	12 km	n/a
Storm (incl. blizzards, dust and sandstorm)	Dust concentration	μg/m³	acute	meteoblue	40 km	n/a
Storm (incl. blizzards, dust and sandstorm)	Number of events exceeding 80 km/h	number per year	acute	meteoblue	12 km	12 km
Tornado	Mean annual severe thunderstorm environment hours	hours per year	acute	external	30 km	n/a
Changing precipitation patterns: Rain	Mean annual precipitation sum	mm	chronic	meteoblue	12 km	12 km
Precipitation or hydrological variability	Precipitation sum difference wettest vs driest month	mm	chronic	meteoblue	12 km	12 km
Ocean acidification	Aragonite saturation state	Ω	chronic	external	100 km	100 km
Saline intrusion	Electrical conductivity	µS/cm	chronic	external	1 km	n/a
Sea level rise	Mean sea level change	m	chronic	external	n/a	10 km
Water stress	Water stress	–	chronic	external	10 km	30 km
Drought	Number of months with SPI < -1	–	acute	meteoblue	12 km	12 km
Drought	Mean SPI	–	acute	meteoblue	12 km	12 km
Heavy precipitation	Number of precipitation events exceeding 20 mm/day	–	acute	meteoblue	12 km	12 km
Heavy precipitation	Highest 1 day precipitation	mm	acute	meteoblue	12 km	12 km
Heavy precipitation	Annual precipitation sum from 95th percentile wet days	mm	acute	meteoblue	12 km	12 km
Flood	Current river flood risk index	–	acute	meteoblue	90 m	n/a
Flood	Coastal flood risk index	–	acute	meteoblue	90 m	n/a
Flood	Precipitation sum of four consecutive days	mm	acute	meteoblue	12 km	12 km
Flood	Number of precipitation events (> 25 mm/day)	–	acute	meteoblue	12 km	12 km
Glacial lake outburst	Glacial lake outburst	–	acute	external	1 km	n/a
Coastal erosion	Coastal erosion index	–	chronic	meteoblue	250 m	n/a
Soil degradation	Number of soil degradation processes	–	chronic	external	1 km	n/a
Soil erosion	Soil erosion rate	Mg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹	chronic	meteoblue	25 km	25 km
Solifluction	Solifluction index	–	chronic	meteoblue	250 m	250 m
Avalanche	Avalanche index	–	acute	meteoblue	250 m	250 m
Landslides	Landslide hazard	–	acute	external	1 km	n/a
Subsidence	Potential subsidence	–	acute	external	1 km	1 km

Risk data

Climate Dimension	Climate Variable	Unit	Risk Type	Source	Current Climate Resolution	Future Climate Resolution
Changing temperature	Mean annual temperature	°C	chronic	meteoblue	n/a	12 km
Changing temperature	Maximum annual temperature	°C	chronic	meteoblue	n/a	12 km
Changing temperature	Changing freshwater and marine water temperature	°C	chronic	external	n/a	12 km
Heat stress	Wet bulb globe temperature	°C (WBGT)	chronic	external	30 km	n/a
Heat stress	Number of tropical nights	nights per year	chronic	meteoblue	n/a	12 km
Heat stress	Number of summer days	days per year	chronic	meteoblue	n/a	12 km
Heat stress	Number of hot days	days per year	chronic	meteoblue	n/a	12 km
Heat stress	Number of days exceeding 90th percentile	days per year	chronic	meteoblue	n/a	12 km
Temperature variability	Temperature difference warmest vs coldest month	°C	chronic	meteoblue	n/a	12 km
Permafrost Thawing	Permafrost thawing	–	chronic	external	25 km	n/a
Heat waves	Warm spell duration index	-	acute	meteoblue	n/a	12 km
Heat waves	Maximum universal thermal comfort index	-	acute	external	30 km	n/a
Cold waves	Cold spell duration index	-	acute	meteoblue	n/a	12 km
Cold waves	Minimum universal thermal comfort index	-	acute	external	30 km	n/a
Wildfire	Mean fire weather index	-	acute	meteoblue	12 km	12 km
Changing wind pattern	Average wind speed	km/h	chronic	meteoblue	n/a	12 km
Cyclone, hurricane, and typhoon	Current global cyclone hazard 50-year return period	-	acute	external	1 km	n/a
Storm (incl. blizzards, dust and sandstorm)	Sum of events exceeding 80 km/h	km/h	acute	meteoblue	12 km	n/a
Storm (incl. blizzards, dust and sandstorm)	Dust concentration	µg/m³	acute	meteoblue	40 km	n/a
Storm (incl. blizzards, dust and sandstorm)	Number of events exceeding 80 km/h	number per year	acute	meteoblue	12 km	12 km
Tornado	Mean annual severe thunderstorm environment hours	hours per year	acute	external	30 km	n/a
Changing precipitation patterns: Rain	Mean annual precipitation sum	mm	chronic	meteoblue	n/a	12 km
Precipitation or hydrological variability	Precipitation sum difference wettest vs driest month	mm	chronic	meteoblue	n/a	12 km
Ocean acidification	Aragonite saturation state	Ω	chronic	external	100 km	100 km
Saline intrusion	Electrical conductivity	µS/cm	chronic	external	1 km	n/a
Sea level rise	Mean sea level change	m	chronic	external	n/a	10 km
Water stress	Water stress	-	chronic	external	10 km	30 km
Drought	Number of months with SPI < -1	-	acute	meteoblue	12 km	12 km
Drought	Mean SPI	-	acute	meteoblue	12 km	n/a
Heavy precipitation	Number of precipitation events exceeding 20 mm/day	-	acute	meteoblue	12 km	12 km
Heavy precipitation	Highest 1 day precipitation	mm	acute	meteoblue	12 km	12 km
Heavy precipitation	Annual precipitation sum from 95th percentile wet days	mm	acute	meteoblue	12 km	12 km
Flood	Current river flood risk index	-	acute	meteoblue	90 m	n/a
Flood	Coastal flood risk index	-	acute	meteoblue	90 m	n/a
Flood	Precipitation sum of four consecutive days	mm	acute	meteoblue	12 km	12 km
Flood	Number of precipitation events (> 25 mm/day)	-	acute	meteoblue	12 km	12 km
Glacial lake outburst	Glacial lake outburst	–	acute	external	1 km	n/a
Coastal erosion	Coastal erosion index	-	chronic	meteoblue	250 m	n/a
Soil degradation	Number of soil degradation processes	-	chronic	external	1 km	n/a
Soil erosion	Soil erosion	Mg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹	chronic	external	25 km	25 km
Solifluction	Solifluction index	-	chronic	meteoblue	250 m	250 m
Avalanche	Avalanche index	-	acute	meteoblue	250 m	250 m
Landslides	Landslide hazard	-	acute	external	1 km	n/a
Subsidence	Potential subsidence	-	acute	external	1 km	1 km